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Daimler Reitwagen
The Daimler ''Reitwagen'' ("riding wagon") or ''Einspur'' ("single track") was a motor vehicle made by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in 1885, and is widely recognized as the first motorcycle. Daimler is often called "the father of the motorcycle" for this invention. Even when the three steam powered two wheelers that preceded the ''Reitwagen'', the Michaux-Perreaux and Roper of 1867–1869, and the 1884 Copeland, are considered motorcycles, it remains nonetheless the first gasoline internal combustion motorcycle, and the forerunner of all vehicles, land, sea and air, that use its overwhelmingly popular engine type.〔
==First motorcycle?==
The ''Reitwagen''s status as the first motorcycle rests on whether the definition of motorcycle includes having an internal combustion engine. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' uses this criterion. Even by that definition, the use of four wheels instead of two raises doubts.〔〔 If the outriggers are accepted as auxiliary stabilizers, they point to a deeper issue in bicycle and motorcycle dynamics, in that Daimler's testbed needed the training wheels because it did not employ the then well-understood principles of rake and trail.〔 For this and other reasons motoring author David Burgess-Wise called the Daimler-Maybach "a crude makeshift", saying that "as a bicycle, it was 20 years out of date." ''Cycle Worlds Technical Editor Kevin Cameron, however, maintains that steam power was a dead end and the ''Reitwagen'' was the first motorcycle because it hit upon the successful engine type, saying, "History follows things that succeed, not things that fail."〔
Enrico Bernardi's 1882 one-cylinder petrol-engined tricycle, the ''Motrice Pia'', is considered by a few sources as the first gasoline internal combustion motorcycle, and in fact the first ever internal combustion vehicle.〔G.N. Georgano ''Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930'' (London: Grange-Universal, 1985), p.26.〕 The ''Motrice Pia'' is not mentioned in any mainstream sources. While there is some discussion in mainstream sources of the merits of Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede or Roper steam velocipede versus the ''Reitwagen'', there is no debate that considers the merits of the ''Motrice Pia''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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